Everything We Create Is Art: verbos seguidos de gerundio o infinitivo (Inglés 3)
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En Everything We Create Is Art ∴ We Are All Artists exploras cómo el arte (la pintura, la danza, la música, la fotografía) sirve para denunciar problemas sociales, y al final creas un performance para tu escuela. En inglés aprendes a formar oraciones con dos verbos: I love dancing, We decided to paint a mural. El reto es saber cuándo el segundo verbo va con to y cuándo con -ing.
En tu libro: este proyecto está en las páginas 50 a 59 de Projects and Readings. Third Grade (SEP). La gramática está en las páginas 53 a 56.
De qué trata el proyecto
El texto de la página 50 dice que el arte ha sido siempre una forma de interpretar el mundo y de expresar sentimientos, ideas y preocupaciones, y que todos podemos ser artistas. El título usa el símbolo ∴, que en matemáticas significa «por lo tanto». La página 51 cita a la crítica británica Jean Franco (1924-2022), que defendió el papel del arte en las luchas sociales de América Latina, y menciona a mujeres que se abrieron paso en el arte mexicano: Lola Álvarez Bravo, Amalia Hernández (fundadora del Ballet Folklórico de México) y la pintora María Izquierdo.
Nota: en la página 51, el libro llama a Lola Álvarez Bravo «portrait painter» (pintora de retratos). En realidad fue fotógrafa: una de las primeras grandes fotógrafas de México, famosa por sus retratos de Frida Kahlo y de la vida cotidiana del país.
Vocabulario del proyecto
| English | Español | Ejemplo |
|---|---|---|
| artistic manifestation | manifestación artística | Dance is an artistic manifestation. |
| performance | performance, presentación artística | Our performance is about equality. |
| sculpture | escultura | The sculpture is made of recycled metal. |
| painting | pintura | María Izquierdo’s paintings show Mexican life. |
| audience | público | The audience applauded at the end. |
| social concern | problema social | Art can show social concerns. |
| sketch | boceto | We drew a sketch of the stage. |
| to rehearse | ensayar | We rehearsed for three days. |
Gramática: verbos seguidos de infinitivo o gerundio
Cuando una oración tiene dos verbos seguidos, el primero decide la forma del segundo:
- Infinitivo (to + verbo): She loves to walk her dog.
- Gerundio (verbo + -ing): I finished studying my math lesson.
| Forma | Con infinitivo | Con gerundio |
|---|---|---|
| Afirmativa | She loves to walk her dog in the park. | I finished studying my math lesson. |
| Negativa | I didn’t forget to buy you a present. | We don’t mind going by bus. |
| Pregunta | Do you agree to invite her to the party? | Do you prefer eating pizza tonight? |
No hay una regla que diga cuál usar: hay que aprender los verbos más comunes de cada grupo. Esta es la lista de la página 54:
Verbos que van con infinitivo (to + verbo)
| English | Español | Ejemplo |
|---|---|---|
| agree | estar de acuerdo en | They agreed to help us. |
| decide | decidir | We decided to paint a mural. |
| forget | olvidar | Don’t forget to bring your costume. |
| learn | aprender | She learned to play the guitar. |
| need | necesitar | We need to rehearse more. |
| offer | ofrecer(se) | He offered to take the photos. |
| plan | planear | They plan to present it on Friday. |
| promise | prometer | I promise to be on time. |
| want | querer | I want to be a dancer. |
Verbos que van con gerundio (-ing)
| English | Español | Ejemplo |
|---|---|---|
| avoid | evitar | Avoid touching the paintings. |
| enjoy | disfrutar | I enjoy listening to music. |
| finish | terminar | We finished painting the wall. |
| imagine | imaginar | Imagine living without art. |
| mind | importar, molestar | Do you mind waiting a minute? |
| spend (time) | pasar (tiempo) | She spends hours drawing. |
| suggest | sugerir | He suggested visiting the museum. |
| recommend | recomendar | I recommend watching that movie. |
Con begin, start, continue, like, love, hate, prefer y bother se puede usar cualquiera de las dos: She loves to garden = She loves gardening. Con remember y stop también se pueden usar las dos, pero cambia el significado:
- I stopped to buy a coffee. → me detuve para comprar un café.
- I stopped buying coffee. → dejé de comprar café.
Ejercicios del libro resueltos
Página 55: elige la forma del segundo verbo
Ejercicio 2: elige entre infinitivo y gerundio
a) I have decided (moving/to move) to another city next year.
b) Did he promise (to marry/marrying) you after all?
c) May I suggest (visiting/to visit) the new art museum tomorrow morning?
d) If you travel to Yucatán, don’t forget (to visit/visiting) Chichén Itzá archaeological zone.
e) Can you imagine (to win/winning) the lottery? What would you do?
f) I don’t want (talking/to talk) to him right now. I’m so angry!
g) We finished (to prepare/preparing) the house for the party just in time.
Ver respuestas
a) I have decided to move (moving/to move) to another city next year.
b) Did he promise to marry (to marry/marrying) you after all?
c) May I suggest visiting (visiting/to visit) the new art museum tomorrow morning?
d) If you travel to Yucatán, don’t forget to visit (to visit/visiting) Chichén Itzá archaeological zone.
e) Can you imagine winning (to win/winning) the lottery? What would you do?
f) I don’t want to talk (talking/to talk) to him right now. I’m so angry!
g) We finished preparing (to prepare/preparing) the house for the party just in time.
Página 55: infinitivo o gerundio
Ejercicio 3: escribe el verbo en infinitivo o gerundio
a) I don’t mind (wait) for her a little longer, I’m not in a hurry.
b) You need (complete) this form before you board the plane.
c) We usually avoid (drive) at night on those roads.
d) I’ve decided (study) my master in Belgium or France.
e) Lucía learned (ride) her bike since she was five years old.
f) I can’t imagine (live) in another country, I love Mexico.
Ver respuestas
a) I don’t mind waiting (wait) for her a little longer, I’m not in a hurry.
b) You need to complete (complete) this form before you board the plane.
c) We usually avoid driving (drive) at night on those roads.
d) I’ve decided to study (study) my master in Belgium or France.
e) Lucía learned to ride (ride) her bike since she was five years old.
f) I can’t imagine living (live) in another country, I love Mexico.
Nota: dos oraciones de este ejercicio tienen errores. En d) lo natural es to study for my master’s degree (maestría). En e), since no va con simple past; lo correcto es Lucía learned to ride her bike when she was five o Lucía has ridden her bike since she was five.
Página 56: selecciona la forma correcta
Ejercicio 4: escribe la forma correcta del verbo
a) I recommend (watching/to watch) that movie, it is fantastic.
b) She loves (to garden/gardening), it is her passion.
c) May I suggest (trying/to try) this new model? It is the latest technology.
d) Little Eddie asked (to come/coming) with me, so here we are.
e) I hope you don’t mind (to pay/paying) in cash, we can’t use the credit card terminal.
f) Your dad is looking for you. He wants (talking/to talk) to you right now.
Ver respuestas
a) I recommend watching (watching/to watch) that movie, it is fantastic.
b) She loves gardening (to garden/gardening), it is her passion.
c) May I suggest trying (trying/to try) this new model? It is the latest technology.
d) Little Eddie asked to come (to come/coming) with me, so here we are.
e) I hope you don’t mind paying (to pay/paying) in cash, we can’t use the credit card terminal.
f) Your dad is looking for you. He wants to talk (talking/to talk) to you right now.
En b) las dos opciones son correctas: love acepta infinitivo y gerundio.
Practica más
¿Infinitivo o gerundio? Relaciona cada verbo con la forma que lo sigue
Ver respuestas
| enjoy | + -ing |
| promise | + to + verbo |
| avoid | + -ing |
| decide | + to + verbo |
| suggest | + -ing |
| want | + to + verbo |
Elige la opción correcta
Ver respuestas
The dancers practiced dancing for the festival.
Practice va con gerundio.
We plan to present a performance about equality.
Frida Kahlo kept painting even when she was sick.
Keep (seguir) va con gerundio.
Do you agree to make the mural with recycled paint?
Página 57: el plan del performance
El libro da un ejemplo de plan para un Performance About Equality. Fíjate cómo usa infinitivos para el propósito: Purpose: To express and condemn the social inequities… Un modelo para tu equipo:
Performance: Stop Bullying. Purpose: to show how words can hurt. We decided to combine dance and photography. We need to rehearse for two weeks and we want to invite families. We suggest using recycled materials for the costumes, and we’ll avoid making noise during the other classes.
Comprueba lo aprendido
1. Menciona tres verbos que van seguidos de gerundio y tres que van con infinitivo.
Con gerundio: enjoy, finish, avoid, mind, imagine, suggest, recommend, spend. Con infinitivo: want, need, decide, promise, plan, learn, agree, offer, forget.
2. Corrige: «I enjoy to paint landscapes».
I enjoy painting landscapes. Enjoy siempre va con gerundio.
3. ¿Qué diferencia hay entre «I stopped to talk» e «I stopped talking»?
I stopped to talk = me detuve para hablar. I stopped talking = dejé de hablar.
Temas relacionados: la cultura durante el porfiriato en historia de México.
Referencias
- Secretaría de Educación Pública (2025). Uérakua anapu uantakua. Projects and Readings. Third Grade. Secondary. SEP, pp. 50-59.
- Murphy, R. (2019). English Grammar in Use (5.ª ed.). Cambridge University Press, unidades 53 a 58.
