Extra, Extra! The World Is at War Again!: la Segunda Guerra Mundial y reported offers (Inglés 3)
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En Extra, Extra! The World Is at War Again! analizas las causas de la Segunda Guerra Mundial y presentas un noticiero histórico con tus reflexiones sobre la cultura de paz. En inglés aprendes el vocabulario de la guerra y los reported offers: cómo contar lo que alguien se ofreció a hacer (He offered to help me).
En tu libro: este proyecto está en las páginas 128 a 137 de Projects and Readings. Third Grade (SEP). El vocabulario está en la página 129 y la gramática en las páginas 130 y 131.
De qué trata el proyecto
El proyecto empieza con una noticia de Amnistía Internacional: la madrugada del 24 de febrero de 2022, Ucrania despertó con la invasión del ejército ruso. A partir de ese caso, el libro te pide reflexionar sobre cómo afecta una guerra a la vida diaria y a los derechos humanos, sobre todo de los adolescentes.
Después viaja al siglo XX, que tuvo dos grandes conflictos: la Primera Guerra Mundial (1914-1918) y la Segunda (1939-1945). En el periodo de entreguerras ocurrieron sucesos que llevaron a la segunda: el resentimiento de Alemania por el Tratado de Versalles, la crisis económica, el ascenso del nacionalismo extremo y de líderes como Adolf Hitler, que usaron la propaganda para manipular a la población.
Vocabulario del proyecto
| English | Español | Ejemplo |
|---|---|---|
| war | guerra | The Second World War began in 1939. |
| Axis Powers | potencias del Eje | Germany, Italy and Japan were the Axis Powers. |
| Allied Powers | los Aliados | The Allied Powers won the war. |
| treaty | tratado | The Treaty of Versailles ended the First World War. |
| nationalism | nacionalismo | Extreme nationalism was a cause of the war. |
| propaganda | propaganda | Hitler used propaganda to manipulate people. |
| truce | tregua | The enemy offered to negotiate a truce. |
| refugee camp | campo de refugiados | The villager showed us the way to the refugee camp. |
| invader | invasor | The army will not support the invader. |
Página 129: las causas de la guerra
Completa el texto con las palabras o frases correctas
The Second World War, considered the deadliest conflict in human history, erupted in 1939. This global war pitted the , led by Germany, Italy, and Japan, against the , including the United Kingdom, the United States, and the Soviet Union. Several factors contributed to the outbreak of the war. One significant cause was the unresolved resentment from the , the previous major world war. Germany, mainly, felt humiliated by the , which placed harsh penalties on them. Another cause of the war was the rise of extreme that glorifies one’s nation and prioritizes its interests above all others. Leaders like Adolf Hitler in Germany used propaganda to public opinion, stirring up hatred and a desire for conquest.
Ver respuestas
The Second World War, considered the deadliest conflict in human history, erupted in 1939. This global war pitted the Axis Powers, led by Germany, Italy, and Japan, against the Allied Powers, including the United Kingdom, the United States, and the Soviet Union. Several factors contributed to the outbreak of the war. One significant cause was the unresolved resentment from the First World War, the previous major world war. Germany, mainly, felt humiliated by the Treaty of Versailles, which placed harsh penalties on them. Another cause of the war was the rise of extreme nationalism that glorifies one’s nation and prioritizes its interests above all others. Leaders like Adolf Hitler in Germany used propaganda to manipulate public opinion, stirring up hatred and a desire for conquest.
Un dato para tu noticiero: Estados Unidos y la Unión Soviética no estuvieron con los Aliados desde el principio; entraron a la guerra en 1941, la URSS tras la invasión alemana de junio y Estados Unidos tras el ataque japonés a Pearl Harbor en diciembre.
Gramática: reported offers
Un offer (ofrecimiento) es cuando alguien dice que hará algo por otra persona: “I will help you.” Para contarlo en reported speech se usa el verbo offered + to + verbo base:
| Forma | Estructura | Ejemplo |
|---|---|---|
| Afirmativa | sujeto + offered to + verbo base | He offered to go with me to the hospital. |
| Negativa | sujeto + offered not to + verbo base | He offered not to intervene in the fight. |
| Direct offer | Reported offer |
|---|---|
| “I will help you to brainstorm ideas for your project,” David said. | David offered to help me to brainstorm ideas for my project. |
| “I can show you how to use the online research database,” the librarian said. | The librarian offered to show me how to use the online research database. |
| “Do you want a drink, Ana? I can buy you one,” Susan said. | Susan offered to buy Ana a drink. |
- The villager offered to help the soldiers with anything they needed.
Fíjate en que desaparecen will y can, y que cambian los pronombres y posesivos (you → me, your → my).
Ejercicio del libro resuelto
Página 131: transforma los ofrecimientos
Cambia cada direct offer a reported offer
a) “I will let you rest soon,” the sergeant said. →
b) “I will share my water with you,” my friend Maria said. →
c) “Let’s negotiate a truce,” the enemy said. →
d) “I will show you the way to the refugee camp,” a kind local villager said. →
e) “I will treat your wound immediately,” the doctor said. →
f) “We will not support the invader,” the army declared. →
g) “We can stop the attack,” the spokesperson of the rebel group said. →
h) “Do you want some food and water?” a man displaced by the conflict said. →
i) “If you have any further questions, we speak again,” my interviewee said. →
j) “We will not introduce new taxes,” the government said. →
Ver respuestas
a) “I will let you rest soon,” the sergeant said. → The sergeant offered to let us rest soon.
b) “I will share my water with you,” my friend Maria said. → My friend Maria offered to share her water with me.
c) “Let’s negotiate a truce,” the enemy said. → The enemy offered to negotiate a truce.
d) “I will show you the way to the refugee camp,” a kind local villager said. → A kind local villager offered to show me the way to the refugee camp.
e) “I will treat your wound immediately,” the doctor said. → The doctor offered to treat my wound immediately.
f) “We will not support the invader,” the army declared. → The army offered not to support the invader.
g) “We can stop the attack,” the spokesperson of the rebel group said. → The spokesperson of the rebel group offered to stop the attack.
h) “Do you want some food and water?” a man displaced by the conflict said. → A man displaced by the conflict offered to give me some food and water.
i) “If you have any further questions, we speak again,” my interviewee said. → My interviewee offered to speak again if I had any further questions.
j) “We will not introduce new taxes,” the government said. → The government offered not to introduce new taxes.
Las respuestas siguen la clave del libro. En a), b) y d), me o us depende de a quién le hablaban.
Nota: en el inciso i) la oración del libro tiene un error: debería decir «…we can speak again». Y en f) y j), más que ofrecimientos, son promesas; también se podrían reportar con promised not to: The government promised not to introduce new taxes.
Practica más
Elige el reported offer correcto
Ver respuestas
“I’ll carry your bag,” Tom said to me. → Tom offered to carry my bag.
“We can bring the camera,” the students said. → The students offered to bring the camera.
“I won’t tell anyone,” Lucía said. → Lucía offered not to tell anyone.
Didn’t offer to tell significaría que no se ofreció, que es otra cosa.
Página 130: los reportes de guerra
El libro pide imaginar que eres reportero en una zona de guerra y contar actos de generosidad con offered to. Un modelo para tu noticiero:
Breaking news from the front. This morning, a nurse offered to stay with the wounded soldiers all night. A farmer offered to share his bread with the refugees, and two children offered to carry water from the river. Even in war, people offer to help each other.
Comprueba lo aprendido
1. ¿Cómo se reporta «I will help you», said Ana?
Ana offered to help me. Se usa offered + to + verbo base, y you cambia a me.
2. ¿Cómo queda la negativa de un reported offer?
Con offered not to + verbo base: He offered not to intervene.
3. ¿Qué países formaban las potencias del Eje?
Alemania, Italia y Japón (the Axis Powers).
Temas relacionados: la Segunda Guerra Mundial en Ética, naturaleza y sociedades 3, y reported requests.
Referencias
- Secretaría de Educación Pública (2025). Uérakua anapu uantakua. Projects and Readings. Third Grade. Secondary. SEP, pp. 128-137.
- Amnesty International (2023). «Russia’s invasion of Ukraine». amnesty.org.
- Murphy, R. (2019). English Grammar in Use (5.ª ed.). Cambridge University Press, unidades 47 y 53.
